a) He has written a book.
→2. Present Perfect to talk about past actions without saying when they happened.
b) Albert has been in a wheelchair since he was eight years old.
→1. Present Perfect to talk abour actions that began in the past and are still continuing in the present.
c) First she bought the ticket, then she got on the train.
→4. Past Simple to talk about actions which happened immediately one after other in the past.
d) In 2007 he set off for South America.
→3. Past Simple to talk about completed actions at a definite time in the past.
